• trreq Albanian
• Arabic: , (máraq)
• trreq Armenian
• trreq Basque
• trreq Chinese
• Dutch: saus
• trreq Esperanto
• Finnish: kastike
• French: sauce
• Georgian: საწებელი (sats‘ebeli)
• German: Soße
• Hebrew:
• trreq Hindi
• Hungarian: szósz, mártás
• Icelandic: sósa
• Italian: salsa
• Japanese: ソース
• trreq Korean
• Latin: sucus
• trreq Latvian
• trreq Lithuanian
• Norwegian: saus
• trreq Old English
• trreq Persian
• Polish: sos
• Portuguese: molho
• Romanian: sos
• Russian: соус, подливка
• Scottish Gaelic: sùgh
• Spanish: salsa
• Swedish: sås
• Thai: (sôt), (náam bplaa)
• Turkish: salça

• Hungarian: szemtelenség

Verb

1. to apply sauce
2. to give cheek

See also

• bechamel
• catsup
• coulis
• gravy
• ketchup
• salsa
• soy

French

Etymology

From salsus ‘salted’.

Pronunciation

Noun

fr-noun f

1. sauce

Spanish

Pronunciation

• /ˈsau.se/ (Latin America) or /ˈsau.θe/ (Spain)

Etymology

From salix ‘willow’.

Noun

1. willow

Usage notes

Sauce is a false friend, and does not mean the same as English "sauce". The word for "sauce" in Spanish is salsa.

In cooking, a sauce is liquid or sometimes semi-solid food served on or used in preparing other foods. Sauces are not consumed by themselves; they add flavor, moisture, and visual appeal to another dish. Sauce is a French word taken from the Latin salsus, meaning salted. Sauces need a liquid component, but some sauces (for example, salsa or chutney) may contain more solid elements than liquid.

Sauces may be prepared sauces, such as soy sauce, which are usually bought, not made, by the cook; or cooked sauces, such as Béchamel sauce, which are generally made just before serving. Sauces for salads are called salad dressing. Sauces made by deglazing a pan are called pan sauces.

A person who specializes in making sauces is often referred to as a "saucier", a French term borrowed for its situational usefulness. Sauces are an essential element in cuisines all over the world. Some famous sauciers include Julia Child, Benjamin Christie, Yutake Ishinabe, and François Pierre La Varenne.

Sauces in French Cuisine

Sauces in French cuisine date back to Medieval times. There were hundreds of sauces in the culinary repertoire. In 'classical' French cooking (19th and 20th century until nouvelle cuisine), sauces were a major defining characteristic of French cuisine.

In the 19th century, the chef Antonin Carême classified sauces into four families, each of which was based on a mother sauce (Also called grand sauces). Carême's four mother sauces were:

• Allemande, based on white stock, thickened with egg yolk.
• Béchamel, based on milk, thickened with roux.
• Espagnole, based on brown stock (usually veal), thickened with roux.
• Velouté, based on a white stock, thickened with roux.

In the early 20th century, the chef Auguste Escoffier updated the classification, adding new sauces such as Tomato Sauce, butter sauces and emulsified sauces such as Mayonnaise and Hollandaise.

Most sauces commonly used in classical cuisine are derivatives of one of the above mentioned mother sauces. Mother sauces are not commonly served as-is, instead they are augmented with additional ingredients to make derivative sauces. For example, Bechamel can be made into Mornay by the addition of Gruyere, and Espagnole can be made into Borderlaise by the addition of reduced red wine and poached beef marrow.

Sauces in other cuisines

Sauces and condiments also play an important role in other cuisines:

• British cooking: Gravy is a traditional sauce used on roast dinner, which (traditionally) comprises roast potatoes, roast meat, boiled vegetables and optional Yorkshire puddings. Bread sauce is one of the oldest sauces in British cooking, flavored with spices brought in during the first returns of the spice missions across the globe and thickened with dried bread. Apple sauce and mint sauce are also used on meat (pork and lamb respectively). Salad cream is sometimes used on salads. Ketchup and brown sauce are used on more fast-food type dishes. Strong English mustard (as well as French or American mustard) are also used on various foods, as is Worcestershire sauce. Custard is a popular dessert sauce. Some of these sauce traditions have been exported to ex-colonies such as the USA.
• Italian sauces include white sauces such as alfredo and balsamella and red sauces such as siciliana, pescatore, napolitan, pizzaiola, amatriciana, arrabbiata, ragù, and pesto sauces mainly based on oil and garlic.
• Salsas ("sauces" in Spanish) such as pico de gallo (salsa tricolor), salsa cocida, salsa verde, and salsa roja are a crucial part of Latino cuisines in the Americas and Europe. Typical ingredients include tomato, onion, and spices; thicker sauces often contain avocado. Mexican cuisine uses a sauce based on chocolate and chillies known as Mole.
• Typical sauces used in Japanese cuisine are usually based on shōyu (soy sauce), miso or dashi. Ponzu, citrus-flavored soy sauce, and yakitori no tare, sweetened rich soy sauce, are examples of shoyu-based sauces. Miso-based sauces include gomamiso, miso with ground sesame, and amamiso, sweetened miso. (Note: in colloquial Japanese, the word "sauce" sometimes refers to Worcestershire sauce introduced in 19th century and largely arranged to Japanese tastes. Tonkatsu and yakisoba sauces are based on this sauce.)
• Chinese cuisine is known for prepared sauces based on fermented soy beans (soy sauce, doubanjiang, hoisin sauce, sweet noodle sauce) as well as many others such as chili sauces and oyster sauce. One of the more distinctive (and popular) Chinese sauces is sweet and sour sauce, which juxtaposes two fundamental flavors not often found together in most cuisines.
• Korean cuisine uses sauces such as doenjang, gochujang, samjang, and soy sauce.
• Southeast Asian cuisines, such as Thai and Vietnamese cuisine, often use fish sauce, made from fermented fish.

Asian prepared sauces are not thick as they do not contain thickening agents such as flour. The thickening occurs in the last minutes of cooking when thickeners like corn starch are added.

Sauce variations

There are also many sauces based on tomato (such as tomato ketchup and tomato sauce), other vegetables and various spices. Although the word 'ketchup' by itself usually refers to tomato ketchup, other vegetables or fruits may be used to prepare ketchups.

Sauces can also be sweet, and used either hot or cold to accompany and garnish a dessert.

Another kind of sauce is made from stewed fruit, usually strained to remove skin and fibers and often sweetened. Such sauces, including applesauce and cranberry sauce, are often eaten with specific other foods (apple sauce with pork, ham, or potato pancakes; cranberry sauce with poultry) or served as desserts.

Examples of sauces

White sauces

• Mushroom sauce
• Mornay sauce
• Sauce Allemande
• Sauce Américaine
• Suprême sauce
• Velouté
• Yoghurt sauce

Brown sauces

• Bordelaise sauce
• Bourguignonne sauce
• Chateaubriand sauce
• Charcutiere sauce
• Demi glace sauce
• Romesco sauce
• Sauce Africaine
• Sauce au Poivre
• Sauce Robert
• Poutine Sauce

Béchamel family

• Béchamel sauce
• Mornay sauce

Emulsified sauces

• Aioli
• Béarnaise sauce
• Duck sauce
• Hollandaise sauce
• Mayonnaise
• Remoulade
• Tartar sauce
• Salad cream

Butter sauces

• Beurre blanc
• Café de Paris
• Satay sauce or Peanut sauce
• Meuniere sauce

Sweet sauces

• Butterscotch sauce
• Chocolate or fudge sauce
• Custard
  • Crème anglaise
• Hard sauce -- not liquid, but called a sauce nonetheless
• Fruit sauces
  • Applesauce
  • Blueberry sauce
  • Cranberry sauce
  • Mango sauce
  • Moambe sauce
  • Plum sauce
  • Strawberry sauce

Sauces made of chopped fresh ingredients

• Latin American Salsa cruda of various kinds
• Romanian Mujdei
• Onion sauce
• Salsa verde
• Pesto
• Georgian Tkemali
• Sauce gribiche
• Sauce vierge

Hot sauces (Chile pepper-tinged sauces)

• Datil Pepper Sauce
• Chili sauce
• Enchilada sauce
• Tabasco sauce
• Zhug
• Fra diavolo sauce

East Asian sauces

• Prepared sauces
  • Doubanjiang
  • Sweet noodle sauce
  • Hoisin sauce
  • Oyster sauce
  • Pad Thai sauce
  • Ponzu
  • Sichuan mala
  • Soy sauce
  • Sriracha
  • XO sauce
• Cooked sauces
  • Lobster sauce
  • Sweet and sour sauce
  • Teriyaki - a way of cooking in Japan, a branch of sauces in North America.

Southeast Asian sauces

• Fish sauce or (Garum)
• Sambal
• Sriracha sauce

Other sauces

• Adjika
• Andalusian sauce
• Avgolemono
• Barbecue sauce
• Bread sauce
• Chasseur
• Egusi sauce
• Halvaytar
• Harissa
• HP sauce
• Mahyawa
• Mint sauce
• Mole
• Peppercorn sauce
• Ravigote
• Rarebit
• Satzibeli
• Steak sauce
• Tomato sauce
• Tzatziki
• Wine sauce
• Worcestershire Sauce

See also

• Chutney
• Condiment
• Coulis
• Custard
• Garum
• Kochujang
• Salad dressing
• Salsa
• Sofrito
• Toenjang

References

• Sauces
• The Saucier's Apprentice
• On Food and Cooking
• The Curious Cook

External links

• Recipes for Italian Sauces

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